Monday, October 31, 2011

31st of October

Today is the 304th day of the year with only 61 days remaining until the new year.

1517 - Martin Luther nails his 95 theses on the door of the Castle Church in Wittenberg.

1861 - Citing failing health, General Winfield Scott, resigns as Commander of the United States Army.

1864 - Nevada is admitted as the 36th state to the Union.

1876 - An immense and destructive cyclone ravages India.  It is estimated to have killed 200,000 people.

1917 - The Battle of Beersheba occurs during the First World War.  It is the last successful cavalry charge in history.

1926 - Magician Harry Houdini, dies of gangrene and peritonitus that developed after his appendix ruptured.

1941 - After nearly 14 years of work, the monument of Mount Rushmore is completed.

1943 - An F4U Corsair accomplishes the first successful radar-guided interception.

1944- Erich Gostl, a member of the Waffen SS, is awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross, To recognize extreme battlefield bravery, after losing his face and eyes during the Battle of Normandy.

1961 - In the Soviet Union, longtime leader Joseph Stalin's body is removed from the tomb that holds Vladamir Lenin.

1999 - Yachtsman Jesse Martin, returns to Melbourne, Australia, after 11 months of circumnavigating the world, solo, non-stop, and unassisted.

2002 - A federal grand jury in Houston, Texas, indicts former Enron Corporation chief financial officer Andrew Fastow, on 78 counts of wire fraud, money laundering, conspiracy, and obstruction of justice, related to the collapse of his ex-employer.

Sunday, October 30, 2011

30th of October

Today is the 303rd day of the year, with only 62 days remaining.

1831 - In Southampton County, Virginia, escaped slave Nat Turner, is captured and arrested for leading the bloodiest slave rebellion in U.S. history.

1864 - Helena, Montana is founded, after four prospectors discover gold at the Last Chance Gulch.

1922 - Benito Mussolini is made the Prime Minister of Italy.

1938 - Orson Welles, broadcasts his radio play of The War of the Worlds, causing anxiety in some of the audience.

1941 - President Franklin Roosevelt, approves U.S. $1 billion in Lend-Lease aid to the Allied nations.

1942 - Lt. Tony Fasson, Able Seaman Colin Grazier, and canteen assistant Tommy Brown, from the HMS Petard board the U-559, retrieving material which would lead to the decryption of the German Enigma code.

1945 - Jackie Robinson of the Kansas City Monarchs, signs a contract for the Brooklyn Dodgers, to break the baseball color barrier.

1965 - Just miles from Da Nang, United States Marines repel an intense attack of wave after wave of Viet Cong forces.  They kill 56 guerillas and among the dead, is a sketch of Marine positions, found on the body of a 13-year-old boy who sold drinks to the Marines the day before.

1974 - The Rumble in the Jungle boxing match, between Muhammad Ali and George Foreman, takes place in Kinshasa, Zaire.

1987 - In Japan, Nintendo releases the first 16-bit home entertainment system, the TurboGrafix-16, known as a PC Engine.

Saturday, October 29, 2011

29th of October

It is the 302nd day of the year, with only 63 days remaining until the new year.

1390 - It is the first trial for witchcraft in Paris, leading to the death of three people.

1618 - English adventurer and writer, Sir Walter Raleigh, is beheaded for allegedly conspiring against James I of England.

1863 - Eighteen countries meeting in Geneva, agree to form the International Red Cross.

1863 - Forces under U.S. Grant repel a Confederate attack of General James Longstreet, at the Battle of Wauhatchie.  This allows an open supply line into Chattanooga, Tennessee.

1901 - Leon Czolgosz, the assassin of William McKinley, is executed by electrocution.

1929 - The New York Stock Exchange crashes, in what would be called Black Tuesday, beginning the Great Depression.

1960 - In Louisville, Kentucky, Cassius Clay, later Muhammad Ali, wins his first professional fight.

1964 - A collection of irreplaceable gems, including the 565 carat Star of India, is stolen by a group of thieves from the American Museum of Natural History in New York City.

1969 - The first ever computer-to-computer link is established on ARPANET, the precursor to the internet.

1998 - Space Shuttle Discovery blasts off with 77-year old John Glenn on board, making him the odlest person to go into space.

2004 - The Arabic news network Al Jazeera, broadcasts an excerpt from a video of Osama bin Laden, in which the terrorist leader first admits he is responsible for September 11, and makes reference to the upcoming election.

Friday, October 28, 2011

28th of October

Today is the 301st day of the year with 64 days remaining.

97 - Emperor Nerva is forced by the Praetorian Guard, to adopt general Marcus Ulpius Trajanus as his heir and successor.

1538 - The first university in the New World, the Universidad Santo Tomas de Aquino is established.

1636 - A vote of the Great and General Court, of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, establishes the first college in the United States.

1864 - The Battle of Fair Oaks and Darbytown Road occurs, Union forces under Ulysses S. Grant withdraw from that area of Virginia, after failing to breach the Confederate defenses of Richmond.

1886 - In New York Harbor, President Grover Cleveland, dedicates the Statue of Liberty.

1893 - Tchaikovsky's Symphony No. 6 in B Minor, Pethetique, is his last work.  It receives its premiere performance in St. Petersburg, only nine days before his death.

1918 - Czechoslovakia is granted independence from Austria-Hungary.  This marks the beginning of the independent state, after nearly 300 years.

1919 - The United States Congress, passes the Volstead Act over President Woodrow Wilson's veto, paving the way for Prohibition to begin the next year.

1936 - Franklin Roosevelt rededicates the Statue of Liberty on its 50th Anniversary.

1965 - Construction of the St. Louis Arch is completed.

Thursday, October 27, 2011

27th of October

Today is the 300th day of the year, with only 65 days remaining until the end of the year.

312 - Constantine the Great, is said to have received his famous "Vision of the Cross."

1682 - The city of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania is founded. It will be instrumental in the defining moments of United States history.

1838 - Missouri Governor, Lilburn Boggs, issues the Extermination Order, claiming that all Mormons must leave the state of be executed.

1904 - The first underground New York City Subway line opens, the system becomes the largest in the the U.S. and one of the biggest in the world.

1954 - Benjamin O. Davis Jr., becomes the first African-American general in the United States Armed Forces.

1961 - NASA launches the first Saturn I rocket into space.

1973 - The Canon City meteorite, a 1.4 kg chondrite-type, strikes in Fremont County, Colorado.

1988 - Ronald Reagan decides to tear down the new U.S. Embassy in Moscow, because of Soviet listening devices in the building structure.

1991 - Turkmenistan achieves its independence from the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.

1994 - The United States prison population exceeds one millions for the first time.

Wednesday, October 26, 2011

26th of October

Today is the 299th day of the year, with only 66 days remaining until the new year.

1597 - Admiral Yi Sun-sin, routs the Japanese Navy of 300 ships with only 13 ships of his own at the Battle of Myeongnyang.

1775 - King George III, goes before Parliament, to declare the American colonies in rebellion, and authorizes a military response to quell it.

1776 - Benjamin Franklin departs America for France, on a mission to seek French support in the struggle for independence.

1825 - The Erie Canal opens, allowing passage from Albany, New York to Lake Erie.

1881 - The famous gunfight at the O.K. Corral, takes place at Tombstone, Arizona.

1905 - Norway declares its independence from it's neighbor Sweden.

1917 - Italy suffers a catastrophic defeat at the forces of Austria-Hungary and Germany, at the Battle of Caporetto.  The young unknown Oberleutnant Erwin Rommel, captures Mount Matajur with only 100 Germans against a force of over 7,000 Italians.

1918 - Erich Ludendorff, quartermaster-general of the imperial German Army, is dismissed by Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany for refusing to cooperate in peace negotiations.

1936 - The first electric generator at Hoover Dam goes into full operation.

1940 - The P-51 Mustang, makes its maiden flight.

1944 - The Battle of Leyte Gulf ends with an overwhelming American victory.

1955 - Ngo Dinh Diem declares himself Premier of South Vietnam.

1958 - Pan American Airways makes the first commercial flight of the Boeing 707 from New York City to Paris, France.

1977 - The last natural case of smallpox is discovered in Merca district, Somalia.  The WHO and CDC consider it the anniversary of the eradication of the disease and the most spectacular success of vaccination.

2001 - Congress passes the USA PATRIOT Act into law.

2003 - The Cedar Fire, the second-largest in California history, kills 15 people, consumer 250,000 acres, and destroys 2,200 homes around San Diego.

Tuesday, October 25, 2011

25th of October

It is the 298th day of the year and only 67 days are remaining.

1415 - The army of Henry V of England, defeats the French at the Battle of Agincourt.

1813 - Canadians and Mohawk Indians defeat the Americans, in the Battle of Chateauguay during the War of 1812.

1944 - Heinrich Himmler orders a crackdown on the Edelweiss Pirates, a loosely organized youth culture in Nazi Germany, that had assisted army deserters and others to hide from the Third Reich.

1962 - Adlai Stevenson shows photos to the United Nations, proving Soviet missiles are installed in Cuba.

2004 - Cuban President, Fidel Castro, announces that transactions using the American dollar will be banned.