Sunday, August 7, 2011

7th of August

Today is the 219th day of the year with 146 days that are remaining.

The Northern Hemisphere is considered to be halfway through its summer and the Southern Hemisphere halfway through its winter on this day.

1782 - George Washington orders the creation of the Badge of Military Merit to honor soldiers wounded in battle.  It is later renamed to the more poetic Purple Heart.

1789 - The United States War Department is established.

1942 - The Battle of Guadalcanal begins as United States initiate the first American offensive of the war with landings on Guadalcanal and Tulagi in the Solomon Islands.

1955 - Tokyo Telecommunications Engineering, the precursor to Sony, sells its first transistor radios in Japan.

1964 - The United States Congress passes the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution giving Lyndon Johnson broad war powers to deal with the North Vietnamese attacks on American forces.

1974 - Philippe Petit performs a high wire act between the twin towers of the World Trade Center.  He is  approximately 1,368 feet (417 m) in the air.

1965 - South African actress, Charlize Theron is born.

2007 - Barry Bonds of the San Francisco Giants, breaks baseball great Hank Aaron's record by hitting his 756th home run.

Saturday, August 6, 2011

6th of August

Today is the 218th day of the year with approximately 147 days remaining.

1787 - Sixty proof sheets of the Constitution of the United States are delivered to the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia.

1809 - Famed English poet Alfred Lord Tennyson is born on this day.

1819 - Norwich University is founded in Vermont as the first private military school in the United States.

1825 -  Independence Day is declared for the country of Bolivia from Spain.

1862 - The Confederate ironclad CSS Arkansas is scuttled on the Mississippi River after suffering damage in a battle with USS Essex near Baton Rouge, Louisiana.

1890 - At Auburn Prison in New York, murderer William Kemmler becomes the first person to be executed by electric chair.

1911 - American actress, best known for her red hair and sitcom I Love Lucy, Lucille Ball is born.

1915 - The allies mount at diversionary attack timed to coincide with a major Allied landing of reinforcements at Suvla Bay, known as the Battle of Sari Bair.

1926 - Gertrude Ederle becomes the first woman to swim across the English Channel.

1926 - Harry Houdini performs the greatest feat by spending 91 minutes underwater in a sealed tank before escaping.

1928 - American artist known for his "pop art," Andy Warhol is born.

1945 - Hiroshima is devastated when the atomic bomb "Little Boy" is dropped by the U.S. B-29 Enola Gay.  Around 70,000 people are killed instantly, and some tens of thousands die in subsequent years from burns and radiation poisoning.

1945 - Richard Bong, the United States' highest-scoring ace, having shot down at least 40 Japanese aircraft during World War 11, and a recipient of the Medal of Honor died on this day.  He was test flying the P-80 Shooting Star jet fighter, when the primary fuel pump malfunctioned during takeoff.  He ejected from the aircraft but was too low for his parachute to deploy.

1964 - Prometheus, A bristlecone pine tree and the world's oldest tree is cut down.

1965 - President Lyndon B. Johnson signs the Voting Rights Act of 1965 into law.  This was legislation at outlawed discriminatory voting properties that had been responsible for the widespread disenfranchisment of African-Americans.

1970 - Indian-born, American film director known for his movies with supernatural plots and twist ending, M. Night Shyamalan is born. 

1990 - The United Nations Security Council orders a global trade embargo against Iraq in response to the country's invasion of Kuwait.

1991 - Tim Berners-Lee releases files describing his idea for the World Wide Web.  WWW debuts as a publicly available service on the Internet.

1996 - NASA announces that the ALH 84001 meteorite, thought to originate from Mars, contains evidence of primitive life-forms.

1997 - Korean Air Flight 801, a Boeing 747-300, crashes into the jungle on Guam on approach to the airport and kills 228 people.

Friday, August 5, 2011

5th of August

Today is the 217th day of the year and 148 days are remaining.

1305 - William Wallace, who led the Scottish resistance against England, is captured by the enemy forces near Glasgow and transported to London where he is put on trial and executed.

1583 - Sir Humphrey Gilbert establishes the first English colony in North America, at what is now St. John's, Newfoundland.

1620 - The Mayflower departs from Southampton, England on its first attempt to reach the New World.

1689 - 1,500 Iroquois attacks the village of Lachine in New France.

1763 - British forces led by Henry Bouquet defeat Chief Pontiac's Indians at Bushy Run.

1861 - In order to help pay for the war effort, the government levies the first income tax as part of the Revenue Act of 1861, 3% of all incomes over US $800.00.

1862 - Along the Mississippi River near Baton Rouge, Louisiana, Confederate troops drive Union forces back into the city during the American Civil War.

1863 - Joseph Merrick, human curiosity nicknamed the "Elephant Man," was born today.

1864 - At Mobile Bay, Alabama, Admiral David Farragut leads a Union flotilla through Confederate defenses and seals one of the last major Southern ports.

1884 - The cornerstone of the Statue of Liberty is laid on Bedloe's Island in New York Harbor.

1914 - The German minelayer Konigin Luise lays a minefield about 40 miles of the Thames Estuary.  She is eventually intercepted and sunk by the British light-cruiser HMS Amphion.

1930 - Neil Armstrong, American astronaut and first man to walk on the moon is born.

1944 - Possibly the largest prison breakout in history occurs as 545 Japanese POWs attempt to escape outside the town of Cowra, New South Wales, Australia.

1944 - The Nazis begin a three-day massacre of anywhere between 40,000 and 100,000 civilians and POWs in Wola, Poland.

1962 - Nelson Mandela is jailed, and will not be released until 1990.
 
1964 - American aircraft from carriers USS Ticonderoga and USS Constellation bomb North Vietnam in retaliation for strikes against U.S. destroyers in the Gulf of Tonkin, codenamed Operation Pierce Arrow.

1981 - President Ronald Reagan fires 11,359 striking air-traffic controllers who ignored his order for them to return to work.

Marilyn Monroe - the American actress, singer, and model raised Norma Jeane Baker died on this day in  1962.  The circumstances of her death have been subject to conjecture, most likely because of an overdose of barbiturates.  It is also unknown if it was a probable suicide, accidental overdose, as well as, possibility of homicide.
 

Thursday, August 4, 2011

4th of August

It is the 216th day of the year with 149 days remaining until the new year.

1327 - During the First War of Scottish Independence, James Douglas leads a raid into Weardale and almost kills Edward III of England.

1790 - A newly passed tariff act creates the Revenue Cutter Service, a forerunner to the United States Coast Guard.

1821 - Atkinson and Alexander publish the Saturday Evening Post for the first time as a weekly newspaper.

1854 - The Hinomaru is established as the official flag to be flown from Japanese ships.  It is most commonly referred to as the "sun disc" or "rising sun."

1873 - While protecting a railroad survey party in Montana, the famed 7th Cavalry under command of George A. Custer, clashes for the first time with the Sioux Indians near the Tongue River.

1901 - Famed American jazz trumpeter and singer Louis Armstrong is born.

1914 - Germany invades Belgium, and in response, the United Kingdom declares war on Germany.  The United States still maintains its neutrality.

1944 - A tip from a Dutch informer leads the Gestapo to a sealed-off area in Amsterdam.  They visit a warehouse, where they find and arrest Anne Frank, her family, and four others.

1958 - The Billboard Hot 100 chart is founded, to display the music industry's standard singles and popularity.

1961 - 44th President of the United States, Barack Obama celebrates being born today.

1962 - American baseball pitcher and seven Cy Young Award winner, Roger Clemens is born.

1969 - At the apartment of a French intermediary in Paris, Henry Kissinger and North Vietnamese Xuan Thuy begin secret peace negotiations.  The secret conference and its contents will ultimately fail.

1987 - The Federal Communications Commission rescinds the Fairness Doctrine which had required radio and television stations to present controversial issues in a "fair" viewpoint.

1997 - Jeanne Calment, French supercentenarian, the world's oldest human on record, passes away at the age of 122 years and 164 days.

2007 - NASA's spaceship Phoenix is launched.  The mission is a space exploration to scout the planet of Mars.

Wednesday, August 3, 2011

3rd of August

Today is the 215th day of the year and 150 days remaining until the end of the year.

8 AD - Roman Empire General Tiberius defeats Dalmatae on the river Bathinus.

881 - Battle of Saucourt-en-Vimeu, Louis III of France defeats the Vikings, an event celebrated in the famed poem Ludwigslied.

1492 - Explorer Christopher Columbus sets sail from Palos de la Frontera, Spain.

1527 - The first letter from the New World in North America is sent by John Rut while at St. John's, Newfoundland.

1783 - Mount Asama erupts in Japan and kills 35,000 people.

1900 - The Firestone Tire and Rubber Company is founded.

1900 - American journalist, famous for his war corresponding, Ernie Pyle is born.

1914 - Germany declares war on France during the First World War.

1918 - Sidney Gottlieb, American chemist probably best-known for his involvement with the CIA mind control program MKULTRA, is born.

1921 - Major League Baseball Commissioner, Kenesaw Mountain Landis, confirms the ban of the eight Chicago Black Sox, the day after they were acquitted by a Chicago court.

1934 - Adolf Hitler becomes the supreme leader of all of Germany by joining the offices of President and Chancellor into that of the Fuhrer.

1936 - Jesse Owens wins the 100 meter dash, defeating Ralph Metcalfe, at the Olympics in Berlin.  Hitler would not recognize Owens at the medal ceremony.

1948 - Whittaker Chambers discusses Alger Hiss of being a communist and a spy for the Soviet Union.

1949 - The National Basketball Association is founded in the United States.

1958 - The nuclear submarine USS Nautilus travels beneath the Arctic ice cap.

1959 - American actor, most notable for his role as Dr. Perry Cox in Scrubs, John C. McGinley is born.

1960 - The African country of Niger celebrates its independence from France.

Tuesday, August 2, 2011

2nd of August

Today is the 214th day of the year, with 151 days remaining.

216 BC - Battle of Cannae during the Second Punic War, The Carthaginian army led by Hannibal defeats a numerically superior Roman army under command of consuls Lucius Aemilius Paulius and Gaius Terentius Varro.

1377 AD - Russian troops are defeated in the Battle on Pyana River because of drunkenness.

1776 - The United State Declaration of Independence is finally signed.

1790 - The first census in the United States is conducted.

1873 - The Clay Street Hill Railroad begins operating the first cable car in San Francisco's famous system.

1922 - A typhoon hits Shantou, Republic of China killing more than 50,000 people.

1923 - As vice president, Calvin Coolidge becomes the 30th President of the United States, after the death of Warren G. Harding.

1934 - Paul von Hindenburg, the German field marshal and second President of Germany, dies at the age of 86.

1934 - Adolf Hitler becomes the Fuhrer of Germany.

1937 - The Marihuana Tax Act is passed in America, the effect of which is to render marijuana and all its by-products illegal.

1939 - Albert Einstein and Leo Szilard write a letter to Franklin Roosevelt, urging him to begin the Manhattan project in order to develop a nuclear weapon.

1943 - Rebellion in the Nazi death camp of Treblinka erupts.

1943 - A Motor Torpedo Boat PT-109 i rammed by the Japanese destroyer Amagiri and sinks.  It is the famed boat the is carrying Lt. John F. Kennedy, who manages to save all but two of his crew.

1945 - It is the conclusion of the Potsdam Conference, at which the Allied powers discuss the future of defeated Germany.

1964 - The Gulf of Tonkin incident in which North Vietnamese gunboats allegedly fire on the U. S. destroyers USS Maddox and USS Turner Joy.

1966 - American baseball pitcher and famed knuckleball pitcher, Tim Wakefield is born.

1968 - An earthquake hits Casiguran, Aurora, Phillipines and kills more than 270 people and wounding 261.

1979 - American baseball catcher, Thurman Munson dies at the age of 32 in an accident.  While practicing how to land his Cessna Citation at the Akron-Canton Airport, he gets pinned down by debris and killed by smoke inhalation by the ensuing fire. 

James "Wild Bill' Hickok - The famous American Wild West gunfighter was killed on this day at Nuttall & Mann's Saloon No. 10 in Deadwood in the Black Hills, Dakota Territory.  The man was playing poker and usually played with his back against a wall, however today his seat was taken but he sat down anyway.  In mere minutes, a man known as Jack McCall appeared behind Hickok and said, "Take that!"  The bullet hit Hickok in the back of the head and exited the right cheek.  In front of the player, were his cards the eight of clubs, eight of spades, ace of clubs, ace of spades, and the five of diamonds.  This arrangement became the "dead man's hand."

Monday, August 1, 2011

1st of August

It is the beginning of the eighth month of the year.  It is the 213th day, with 152 days remaining.

10 BC - Claudius, the great Roman Emperor is born.

30 BC - Octavian (later known as Augustus) enters Alexandria, Egypt, bringing it under the control of the Roman Republic.  Roman politician and general Mark Antony dies.

527 AD - Justinian I becomes the sole ruler of the Byzantine Empire.

1498 - Christopher Columbus becomes the first European to visit what is now Venezuela.

1770 - American explorer that led the great expedition with Meriwether Lewis to the Pacific Coast, William Clark is born.

1779 - Francis Scott Key, the American lawyer and famous lyricist of "The Star-Spangled Banner," is born.

1819 - Famous American novelist and author of Moby Dick, Herman Melville is born.

1834 - Slavery is abolished in the British Empire as the Slavery Abolition Act of 1833 comes into force.

1840 - Labourer slaves in most of the British Empire are emancipated.

1843 - Robert Todd Lincoln, son of Abraham Lincoln and 35th United States Secretary of War is born.

1876 - Colorado is admitted as the 38th state of the Union.

1914 - Germany declares war on Russia at the opening of the War to End All Wars.  The Swiss Army mobilizes as well.

1944 - The Warsaw Uprising against the Nazi occupation breaks out in the city of the same name in Poland.  It lasted 63 days without support.

1964 - American musician and frontman of the Counting Crows, Adam Duritz is born.

1981 - MTV begins broadcasting in the United States and airs its first video, "Video Killed The Radio Star" by the Buggles.